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William Collins (8 September 1788 in London – 17 February 1847 in London) was an English landscape and genre painter. In the late 19th century his work was more popular and highly valued than even that of J M W Turner or John Constable.〔(Artwork of the month, June 2005 ) (Walker Art Gallery).〕 ==Life and work== Collins was born in Great Titchfield Street, London, son of William Collins Sr., an Irish-born picture-dealer and writer.〔His father, a native of Wicklow, Ireland, wrote a biography of George Morland, a poem on the slave trade, and other work.〕 He showed a great aptitude for art from an early age, and was, for a while, an informal pupil of George Morland.〔(Collins biog ) (www.wilkie-collins.info)〕 In 1807, he entered the schools of the Royal Academy (at the same time as William Etty), and exhibited at the Academy for the first time in the same year.〔 In 1809 he was awarded a medal in the life school, and exhibited three pictures - ''Boy at Breakfast'', ''Boys with a Bird's-nest'' and a ''Portrait of Master Lee as he spoke the Prologue at the Haymarket Theatre''.〔 In 1811, Collins sold a picture entitled ''The Young Fifer'', to the Marquis of Stafford for 80 guineas, and the next year produced the work which made him famous, ''The Sale of the Pet Lamb'', which was sold for 140 forty guineas and engraved by S. W. Reynolds. He now became the chief support of his family - following the death of his father (in financial difficulty) in that year - and found some valuable patrons, especially Sir Thomas Freeman Heathcote, Sir John Leicester, Sir Robert Peel, Sir George Beaumont, and Lord Liverpool.〔 In 1814 two pictures, ''The Blackberry Gatherers'' and ''The Birdcatchers'' (both sold privately), won him an associateship of the Royal Academy (ARA).〔 In 1815, Collins undertook a sketching tour of the coast near Cromer, and produced a ''Scene on the Coast of Norfolk'' which was acquired by the Prince Regent.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Scene on the Coast of Norfolk'' )〕 In 1817 he visited Paris with Leslie and Washington Allston, and painted ''The Departure of the Diligence from Rouen'', and the ''Scene on the Boulevards'' (both sold privately) - these were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1818. He also painted several portraits around this time.〔 In 1820, Collins was elected a Royal Academician (RA), presenting as his diploma picture ''The Young Anglers''. In 1822 he married Harriet Geddes, sister of the portrait painter Margaret Sarah Carpenter. He continued to exhibit and travel in England and Scotland, and his art enjoyed great popularity. In 1826 he painted ''The Fisherman's Departure'', (engraved by Phelps), and in 1828 made a tour of the Netherlands and Belgium, living for short time in Boulogne in 1836. ''Rustic Hospitality'' was painted in 1834, and, in 1836, ''Sunday Morning'' and ''As Happy as a King'', the subject of the latter picture having been suggested to Collins by the story of a country boy whose ideal of regal happiness was swinging upon a gate all day long and eating fat bacon.〔 In September 1836, Collins left London for Italy, where he remained there until 1838. During these two years he occupied himself unremittingly in advancing his knowledge of painting, but had to return due to illness. He then begun a series of pictures depicting Italian life including ''Poor Travellers at the door of a Capuchin Convent near Vico, Bay of Naples'' 〔See (【引用サイトリンク】title=Poor Travellers )〕 and ''A Scene near Subiaco'', which were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1839. These were followed in 1840-1 by two subjects taken from the New Testament - ''Our Saviour with the Doctors in the Temple'', and ''The Two Disciples at Emmaus''.〔 From 1840 to 1842 Collins was librarian to the Royal Academy and in 1843 he moved to a large house at 1 Devonport Street, Hyde Park Gardens. In 1840 he visited Germany, and in 1842 the Shetland Islands - the latter journey inspiring him to produce a series of illustrations for Sir Walter Scott's novel ''Pirate'', which were published in the "Waverley" edition of the book.〔 In 1846 Collins' ''Early Morning'' was exhibited. Ruskin said of it "I have never seen the oppression of sunlight in a clear, lurid, rainy atmosphere more perfectly or faithfully rendered, and the various portions of reflected and scattered light are all studied with equal truth and solemn feeling." Collins also produced some watercolours, such as ''The Rat-catcher'', ''Landing Fish'', ''A Street in Naples'' and ''Kentish Peasant Girls'', and made several etchings, most of which, along with engravings of his best work, were given to the British Museum by Mrs. Collins.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Collins (painter)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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